Renegotiating the relationship between citizens and the development of automated decision-making

Artificial intelligence and automated decision making are transforming public governance in Finland. The country is a leader in digitalizing government services, but risks and challenges remain regarding citizens' rights and understanding of complex systems.

Legislation on automated decision making in Finland aims primarily to enable the continued use of existing systems rather than evaluating them critically. Discussions focus on benefits to government rather than citizens. More research is needed on how technology, law and citizens' rights intersect in public service design.

Automated decision making is used by Finland's Tax Administration and Social Insurance Institution to cope with aging populations and demand for services. However, in developing these systems citizens' perspectives and needs are not adequately considered. Citizens are expected to report issues with automated decisions but may lack knowledge to do so effectively.

There are calls to challenge the notion that more digitalization and automation necessarily improves governance. Existing laws and principles offer some protection but risks persist, especially regarding vulnerable groups. Reliance on citizens to report problems could mask risks and inequities. Complex user interfaces require both technical and civic skills to navigate.

Finland should rethink its approach to automation and involve citizens in developing digital public services. The relationship between citizens and government must be renegotiated to protect rights and trust in institutions. Comparisons with neighboring Sweden show both countries grapple with similar issues, though Finland's approach provides more comprehensive legal protection.

Interdisciplinary research on digital administration aims to determine how well automated systems comply with laws and principles of good governance. 'Legal user interface research' could help ensure public services empower rather than exclude citizens. With proactive governance, AI and automation can benefit both institutions and the people they serve.

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